A nuclear power station is not a self-governing entity. A number of procedures are needed to keep the station operational, most of which takes place somewhere else or at other times than the actual construction of electricity. The total pack up, is referred to as the 'process chain'. In order to evaluate different types of electricity production, it is essential to take all the ingredient processes into account. In common, a nuclear energy process chain consists of the following steps:
Each constituent process in the chain needs energy and raw materials. Initially, a power station must be construct. When the power station develops into operational, the energy needed for production must first be 'earned back' before a net yield can be understood. The residual constituent processes also require energy, some of them in the form of electricity and some in the form of relic fuels, for example cokes for steel manufacture and diesel oil for excavators and transport. This energy consumption, too, is removed from the net yield.
Nuclear energy is produced by splitting uranium atoms. Uranium is a metal that is extracted from ores by using mechanical and chemical processes. The energy needed to extract 1 kg of uranium from uranium ore depends roughly completely on the amount of uranium in the ore. The opening of the nuclear energy process chain varies significantly from that of relic fuels, which are extracted from the earth in more or less ready-to-use form.
The conclusion of the nuclear energy process chain is basically different from that of other energy foundations, since we are left with radioactive waste as well as chemical waste. Uranium and uranium ore are radioactive materials. The nuclear reactions take place in the reactor causes the amount of radioactivity to enlarge by a factor of ten million. The nuclear reactor itself and the adjacent structures also become highly radioactive. As a result, taking apart a nuclear power station and at the end of its life period (around 30 years) is a difficult and an extremely expensive process that requires a great deal of energy and supplementary materials - possibly twice the total energy desirable to build the power station in the initial place.
Radioactivity cannot be shattered. It vanishes through natural decompose, a procedure takes between thousands and millions of years to complete. Nuclear waste must be store up in such a way that it is prevented from inflowing the biosphere throughout those thousands or millions of years. This is also considered as a high energy consumption activity. The processing and enduring storage of radioactive waste is a region where no-one has any practical experience. One alternative being considered is to store radioactive waste in profound mines in constant geological formations. Removal of waste in the sea or on land, until recently was common practice, is not a practical option for the future. It takes around 150 to 200 years to complete the nuclear energy process chain, from uranium removal to permanent storage of the last remaining radioactive waste.
- mining, cleansing and transport of the raw materials and fuels;
- building and preservation of the power station;
- exchange of fuel or uranium into electricity;
- dismantlement of the power station at the end of its life duration;
- dispensation of the resulting waste.
Each constituent process in the chain needs energy and raw materials. Initially, a power station must be construct. When the power station develops into operational, the energy needed for production must first be 'earned back' before a net yield can be understood. The residual constituent processes also require energy, some of them in the form of electricity and some in the form of relic fuels, for example cokes for steel manufacture and diesel oil for excavators and transport. This energy consumption, too, is removed from the net yield.
Nuclear energy is produced by splitting uranium atoms. Uranium is a metal that is extracted from ores by using mechanical and chemical processes. The energy needed to extract 1 kg of uranium from uranium ore depends roughly completely on the amount of uranium in the ore. The opening of the nuclear energy process chain varies significantly from that of relic fuels, which are extracted from the earth in more or less ready-to-use form.
The conclusion of the nuclear energy process chain is basically different from that of other energy foundations, since we are left with radioactive waste as well as chemical waste. Uranium and uranium ore are radioactive materials. The nuclear reactions take place in the reactor causes the amount of radioactivity to enlarge by a factor of ten million. The nuclear reactor itself and the adjacent structures also become highly radioactive. As a result, taking apart a nuclear power station and at the end of its life period (around 30 years) is a difficult and an extremely expensive process that requires a great deal of energy and supplementary materials - possibly twice the total energy desirable to build the power station in the initial place.
Radioactivity cannot be shattered. It vanishes through natural decompose, a procedure takes between thousands and millions of years to complete. Nuclear waste must be store up in such a way that it is prevented from inflowing the biosphere throughout those thousands or millions of years. This is also considered as a high energy consumption activity. The processing and enduring storage of radioactive waste is a region where no-one has any practical experience. One alternative being considered is to store radioactive waste in profound mines in constant geological formations. Removal of waste in the sea or on land, until recently was common practice, is not a practical option for the future. It takes around 150 to 200 years to complete the nuclear energy process chain, from uranium removal to permanent storage of the last remaining radioactive waste.
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